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Here's the information that I promised in an earlier note regarding programming
graphics on the HP 95LX. Caveat Programmer.
Everett Kaser Hewlett-Packard Company
...hplabs!hp-pcd!everett work: (503) 750-3569 Corvallis, Oregon
everett%hpcvra@hplabs.hp.com home: (503) 928-5259 Albany, Oregon
----------------------------- cut here --------------------------------------
__________________________________
HP 95LX Low-level Graphics Support
__________________________________
Copyright 1991 Hewlett-Packard Company
All rights reserved
(distributed with permission)
____________
INTRODUCTION
The package of low-level routines provided in the HP 95LX that are
available for use by applications programs support these functions:
1) setting the display mode to alpha or graphics.
2) setting a fill mask.
3) getting information about the current graphics settings.
4) setting a logical origin to which all other graphics
operations are relative.
5) setting a rectangular clip region.
6) drawing an outlined, solid-filled, or pattern-filled
rectangle.
7) drawing a line.
8) plotting a point.
9) moving the current pen location.
10) setting the current pen color.
11) setting the current replacement rule.
12) setting the current line-type.
13) reading the current color value of a point.
14) reading a rectangular image.
15) writing a rectangular image.
16) labeling text using the internal 6x8 font.
All of the routines which plot to the display always obey the current
logical origin, clip region, pen color, replacement rule, and (where
appropriate) line-type and fill-mask.
The pen color can be 0 or 1.
The replacement rule can be one of FORCE, AND, OR, or XOR. Writing
a rectangular image can optionally invert the image before applying
the specified replacement rule. Writing an image is different from
all other plotting in that it uses an argument as the replacement
rule rather than the current replacement rule.
The line-type is a 16-bit value whose bits are used repeatedly when
drawing a line or an outlined rectangle.
The fill-mask is an 8-byte value which specifies an 8-bit by 8-bit
rectangular mask which is used repeatedly when drawing a pattern-filled
rectangle.
The general process to do graphics is:
1) set the display mode to graphics
2) set the desired pen color, replacement rule, linetype,
fillmask, logical origin, and clip region, if different
than the default values set by the set-mode function.
3) perform the desired drawing using the attributes setup by
step 2).
4) repeat steps 2) and 3) until done.
5) set the display mode back to alpha.
The graphics routines are accessed through software interrupt 5F (hex).
The required arguments are loaded into specific CPU registers, the
requested function number is loaded into the AH register, and then an
INT 5Fh instruction is executed. Unless otherwise stated, all
functions preserve ALL registers except for AX.
X-coordinates always get larger (more positive) when moving to the
right on the display. Y-coordinates always get larger when moving
down (towards the bottom) on the display. The default origin is in
the top-left corner of the display.
Although the interface is designed primarily as an assembly language
interface, it is simple to write an assembly language module that can
provide a library of corresponding functions to a C program. A sample
is provided in Appendix A.
______________
SET VIDEO MODE
Forces the current video mode to alpha or graphics and clears the
display.
Entry conditions:
AH = 0
AL = requested mode.
07h = alpha (system manager compliant)
20h = graphics (system manager compliant)
87h = alpha (non-system manager)
A0h = graphics (non-system manager)
Sub-functions 07h and 20h call the System Manager routine to change
video modes, thus letting the System Manager know that the display has
changed modes and the display contents destroyed. This is important
for any applications which are intended to be system manager compliant.
Sub-functions 87h and A0h call the BIOS directly in order to change
display modes, thus by-passing the System Manager. These should be
used by programs that are NOT System Manager compliant, so that they
will function correctly whether the system was booted into the System
Manager or if it was booted straight into DOS (by placing a SHELL=
command in a CONFIG.SYS file).
After a SET_MODE call to change to graphics, the defaults are:
Logical origin (0, 0)
Clip region (0, 0) thru (239, 127)
Pen location (0, 0)
Pen color 1
Replacement rule FORCE
Line-type 0FFFFh
Fill mask 0FFh,0FFh,0FFh,0FFh,0FFh,0FFh,0FFh,0FFh
Sample assembly code:
mov ax,0020h ; set mode to GRAPHICS
int 5fh
.
.
.
mov ax,0007h ; set mode to ALPHA
int 5fh
_____________
SET FILL MASK
Sets the eight-byte fill mask used by DRAW_RECTANGLE when pattern-
filling.
Entry conditions:
AH = 1
ES:DI = address of 8 bytes of fillmask.
The default fillmask after a mode set to graphics is eight bytes of
0ffh (which would result in a solid-fill).
The fillmask is always aligned with the byte boundaries of the display
memory, and it is then clipped by the rectangle being drawn. This
means that as the rectangle is shifted bit-by-bit, the pattern appears
to exist on a plane behind the rectangle, and that the rectangle is
a moving window onto that plane. It's tough to describe, and a little
experimentation should make it plain.
Sample assembly code:
fmask1 db 055h, 0aah, 055h, 0aah, 055h, 0aah, 055h, 0aah
.
.
.
assume es:dgroup
lea di,fmask1
mov ah,1
int 5fh ; set fillmask pattern to FMASK1
________________________________
GET CURRENT GRAPHICS INFORMATION
Returns current information about the state of the graphics functions.
At entry:
AH = 2
ES:DI = address of a 36-byte long buffer into which the
graphics information will be placed. At exit from
this function, the buffer contents will be:
offset size
0 1-byte CURRENT VIDEO MODE
1 1-byte DEFAULT VIDEO MODE
2 1-word WIDTH OF DISPLAY IN PIXELS
4 1-word HEIGHT OF DISPLAY IN PIXELS
6 1-word CURRENT X-LOCATION OF PEN
8 1-word CURRENT Y-LOCATION OF PEN
10 1-word CURRENT LINE-TYPE
12 1-word CURRENT REPLACEMENT RULE
14 1-word CURRENT PEN COLOR
16 1-word CURRENT X-MINIMUM OF CLIP REGION
18 1-word CURRENT X-MAXIMUM OF CLIP REGION
20 1-word CURRENT Y-MINIMUM OF CLIP REGION
22 1-word CURRENT Y-MAXIMUM OF CLIP REGION
24 1-word CURRENT X-LOCATION OF LOGICAL ORIGIN
26 1-word CURRENT Y-LOCATION OF LOGICAL ORIGIN
28-35 8-bytes CURRENT FILL MASK (for rectangle fill)
At exit:
DX:AX = address of the 36-byte long buffer (for return to C).
Sample assembly code:
infobuf label byte
curmode db ?
defmode db ?
dspwidth dw ?
dspheight dw ?
curpenx dw ?
curpeny dw ?
curlinetype dw ?
curreprule dw ?
curpen dw ?
curclipminx dw ?
curclipmaxx dw ?
curclipminy dw ?
curclipmaxy dw ?
curlogorgx dw ?
curlogorgy dw ?
curfmask db 8 dup (?)
.
.
.
assume es:dgroup
lea di,infobuf
mov ah,2 ; read current video info into infobuf
int 5fh
__________________
SET LOGICAL ORIGIN
Sets the logical origin in terms of absolute screen pixels, regardless
of previous settings of the logical origin or clip region. The (X,Y)
of the logical origin may be specified off of the actual physical
screen (ie, negative values or greater than (239, 127). All other
coordinate arguments in this graphics system are relative to the
logical origin, including those used to specify the clip region.
SET LOGICAL ORIGIN resets the CLIP REGION to the entire physical
display (0,0) to (239,127). So, if clip_region is used, it must be
set AFTER the set_logical_origin.
The default logical origin after a mode set is (0,0).
At entry:
AH = 3
CX = x coordinate
DX = y coordinate
Sample assembly code:
mov ah,3
mov cx,120 ; move log org to approximately the
mov dx,64 ; center of the display
int 5fh
_______________
SET CLIP REGION
This function sets the coordinates of the upper-left and lower-right
corners of the clip rectangle.
All reading/writing of the display in this graphics system is limited
(clipped) by the current CLIP REGION.
Default after mode set is (0,0) and (239,127).
At entry:
AH = 4
CX = x-minimum coordinate
DX = y-minimum coordinate
SI = x-maximum coordinate
DI = y-maximum coordinate
Sample assembly code:
mov ah,4 ; clip (limit) all drawing to the
mov cx,120 ; right half of the display
mov dx,0
mov si,239
mov dx,127
int 5fh
______________
DRAW RECTANGLE
This draws a rectangle which has two diagonally opposite corners at
the current pen location and (CX,DX). Hence, you will usually first
do a MOVE_PEN, then a DRAW_RECTANGLE. ALL rectangle draws obey the
current replacement rule. The pen location is left at the starting
location (it is not changed).
If the rectangle drawn is just an outline, it is drawn using the
current line-type. If the rectangle drawn is pattern-filled, it uses
the current fill-mask. In all cases the current pen color and replace-
ment rule are used.
At entry:
AH = 5
AL = fill flag 0==outline, current linetype and pen color
1==solid fill, current pen color
2==pattern fill, current fillmask and pen color
CX = x-coordinate of second corner of rectangle
DX = y-coordinate of second corner of rectangle
Sample assembly code:
mov ah,8 ; move pen to (50,74)
mov cx,50
mov dx,74
int 5fh
mov ah,5
mov al,1 ; solidfill rectangle to (101, 99)
mov cx,101
mov dx,99
int 5fh
_________
DRAW LINE
This draws a line from the current pen location to (CX,DX) using the
current pen color, linetype, and replacement rule. The pen location
is left at the end point. If another DRAW_LINE is executed after the
first without an intervening MOVE_PEN, the starting point is not
plotted. This is to avoid the problem of drawing connecting lines
with a replacement rule of XOR. Since the starting point of the second
line is the same as the ending point of the first line, it would get
plotted twice, which in XOR mode is the same as not plotting it at all.
At entry:
AH = 6
CX = x-coordinate of end point
DX = y-coordinate of end point
Sample assembly code:
mov ah,6
mov cx,21
mov dx,10 ; draw from current pen location
int 5fh ; to (21, 10)
__________
PLOT POINT
This moves the current pen location to CX,DX and plots a single
point there using the current pen color and replacement rule.
At entry:
AH = 7
CX = x-coordinate of point
DX = y-coordinate of point
Sample assembly code:
mov ah,7
mov cx,239 ; plot point at (239, 127)
mov dx,127
int 5fh
________
MOVE PEN
This moves the current pen location to (CX,DX). The default location
after a mode set is (0,0).
At entry:
AH = 8
CX = x-coordinate
DX = y-coordinate
Sample assembly code:
mov ah,8
mov cx,22 ; move pen to (22, 44)
mov dx,44
int 5fh
_____________
SET PEN COLOR
Sets the current pen color to 0 or 1. The default after a mode
set is 1 (black).
At entry:
AH = 9
AL = new pen color (0 for white or 1 for black)
Sample assembly code:
mov ah,9
mov al,0 ; set pen color to white (0)
int 5fh
____________________
SET REPLACEMENT RULE
The replacement rule controls how the current pen color is combined
with the existing color of a pixel on the display when performing
any plotting function (except WRITE_AREA, which has its own replacement
rule specified with each call). If the current replacement rule is
FORCE then the resulting color of a pixel is equal to the current pen
color at the time of the plotting action. For the other three replace-
ment rules (AND, OR, and XOR), the resulting color is the logical
operation between the current screen pixel color and the current pen
color.
The default replacement rule after a mode set is 0 (FORCE).
At entry:
AH = 10 (0Ah)
AL = new replacement rule 0==FORCE
1==AND
2==OR
3==XOR
Sample assembly code:
mov ah,10
mov al,3 ; set replacement rule to XOR
int 5fh
_____________
SET LINE TYPE
This is a 16-bit value that is repeated over and over as each pixel
of a line or an outlined rectangle is drawn. 0xFFFF will cause solid
lines to be drawn. The default after a mode set is 0xFFFF (solid line).
At entry:
AH = 11 (0Bh)
CX = new line type
Sample assembly code:
mov ah,11
mov cx,0c440h ; set line type to XX000X000X000000
int 5fh
__________
READ POINT
This returns AX==the color (0 for white, 1 for black) of the requested
point. The current pen location is not modified.
At entry:
AH = 12 (0Ch)
CX = x-location of point to read
DX = y-location of point to read
Sample assembly code:
mov ah,12
mov cx,49 ; read point (49,57)
mov dx,57
int 5fh
_____________________
READ AREA (get image)
This reads a rectangular area of the display into the specified
buffer. There is an 8-byte header at the beginning (specifying
number of planes, number of bits/pixel, width of image, and
height of image. The first two are always equal to 1 on the HP 95LX.
The size needed for the buffer is:
8 + ((x2-x1+8)/8) * (y2-y1+1) bytes
The diagonally opposite corner points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are
included in the read area. Bits with a value of 0 are added to
the right end of each row of pixels (if necessary) to fill out an
integral number of bytes of data for that row. The image is always
left justified within the buffer regardless of its byte-alignment on
the display.
At entry:
AH = 13 (0Dh)
CX = x-coordinate of corner 1
DX = y-coordinate of corner 1
SI = x-coordinate of corner 2
BP = y-coordinate of corner 2
ES:DI = address of buffer for image
Sample assembly code:
tmpbuf db 56 dup (?)
.
.
.
assume es:dgroup
mov ah,13
mov cx,24
mov dx,55
mov si,41 ; read a rectangular area of the screen
mov bp,70 ; from (24,55) thru (41,70) into
lea di,tmpbuf ; 'tmpbuf'.
int 5fh
______________________
WRITE AREA (put image)
This writes to a rectangular area of the display from a specified
buffer. The buffer should have the same eight-byte header described in READ_AREA (above). This call is different from all other "write"-type
calls in that it specifies its own replacement rule rather than using
the "current" replacement rule. It expands upon the replacement
rule types by allowing the image to be inverted before being combined
in the usual fashion (according to FORCE, AND, OR, or XOR) with the
display contents. This does not modify the contents of the buffer.
If the entire image doesn't fit on the display, none of it is drawn.
At entry:
AH = 14 (0Eh)
AL = replacement rule 0 FORCE
1 AND
2 OR
3 XOR
4 invert image and then FORCE
5 invert image and then AND
6 invert image and then OR
7 invert image and then XOR
CX = x-location of top-left corner of image destination
DX = y-location of top-left corner of image destination
ES:DI = address of image
Sample assembly code:
tmpbuf db 56 dup (?)
.
.
.
assume es:dgroup
mov ah,14
mov al,7 ; invert, then XOR
mov cx,133
mov dx,66
lea di,tmpbuf ; put image 'tmpbuf' at (133,66)
__________
WRITE TEXT
Writes the specified text (all 256 chars are legal EXCEPT 0)
to the specified location, horizontally or rotated 90 degrees
counter-clockwise from horizontal, using the BIOS 6x8 font, the
current pen color and replacement rule. The specified location (CX, DX)
is the top-left corner of the text string, or if the rotate flag
is non-zero, the string is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise about
the point (CX, DX) (such that it is now the bottom-left corner of the
text).
At entry:
AH = 15 (0Fh)
AL = rotate flag.
CX = x-coordinate of top-left corner of first character
DX = y-coordinate of top-left corner of first character
ES:DI = address of null-terminated string
Sample assembly code:
txtstr db "This is a test",0
.
.
.
assume es:dgroup
mov ah,15
mov al,0 ; plot text horizontally
mov cx,124
mov dx,37 ; at (124, 37)
lea di,txtstr
int 5fh
___________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX A: Sample assembly language module of C-callable functions
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
;[ Graphics interface module for calling Jaguar graphics from C programs [
;[ Copyright 1990 Hewlett Packard Company. All rights reserved. [
;[ Author: Everett Kaser August 14, 1990. [
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
.MODEL LARGE,C
.CODE
assume ds:nothing
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_Mode(int BiosVideoMode);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_Mode PROC BiosVideoMode:word
mov ax,BiosVideoMode
xor ah,ah
int 5fh
ret
G_Mode endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_FillMask(maskptr);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_FillMask PROC uses ES DI, maskptr:dword
les di,maskptr
mov ah,1
int 5fh
ret
G_FillMask endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_GetInfo(G_INFO *gp);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_GetInfo PROC uses ES DI, gp:dword
les di,gp
mov ah,2
int 5fh
ret
G_GetInfo endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_LorgA(int x, int y);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_LorgA PROC x:word, y:word
mov cx,x
mov dx,y
mov ah,3
int 5fh
ret
G_LorgA endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_ClipL(int xmin, int ymin, int xmax, int ymax);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_ClipL PROC uses SI DI, xmin:word, ymin:word, xmax:word, ymax:word
mov cx,xmin
mov dx,ymin
mov si,xmax
mov di,ymax
mov ah,4
int 5fh
ret
G_ClipL endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_Rect(int x, int y, int fillflag);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_Rect PROC x:word, y:word, fill:word
mov cx,x
mov dx,y
mov ax,fill
mov ah,5
int 5fh
ret
G_Rect endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_Draw(int x, int y);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_Draw PROC x:word, y:word
mov cx,x
mov dx,y
mov ah,6
int 5fh
ret
G_Draw endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_Point(int x, int y);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_Point PROC x:word, y:word
mov cx,x
mov dx,y
mov ah,7
int 5fh
ret
G_Point endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_Move(int x, int y);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_Move PROC x:word, y:word
mov cx,x
mov dx,y
mov ah,8
int 5fh
ret
G_Move endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_ColorSel(int color);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_ColorSel PROC color:word
mov ax,color
mov ah,9
int 5fh
ret
G_ColorSel endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_RepRule(int rrule);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_RepRule PROC rrule:word
mov ax,rrule
mov ah,0ah
int 5fh
ret
G_RepRule endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_LineType(int ltype);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_LineType PROC ltype:word
mov cx,ltype
mov ah,0bh
int 5fh
ret
G_LineType endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_PointRead(int x, int y);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_PointRead PROC x:word, y:word
mov cx,x
mov dx,y
mov ah,0ch
int 5fh
ret
G_PointRead endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_ImageGet(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, char far *image);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_ImageGet PROC uses ES SI DI, x1:word, y1:word, x2:word, y2:word, image:dword
mov cx,x1
mov dx,y1
mov si,x2
les di,image
mov bp,y2
mov ah,0dh
int 5fh
ret
G_ImageGet endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_ImagePut(int x, int y, char far *image, int replacerule);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_ImagePut PROC uses ES DI, x:word, y:word, image:dword, reprule:word
mov cx,x
mov dx,y
les di,image
mov ax,reprule
mov ah,0eh
int 5fh
ret
G_ImagePut endp
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
; G_Text(int x, int y, char far *string, rotflag);
;[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
G_Text PROC uses DS ES SI DI, x:word, y:word, string:dword, rotflag:word
mov ax,rotflag
mov cx,x
mov dx,y
les di,string
mov ah,0fh
int 5fh
ret
G_Text endp
@curseg ends
end
______________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX B: Sample header file for use with C programs and APPENDIX A.
/*[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
[ Definitions. [
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[*/
#define G_ALPHA 0x07
#define G_GRAPHICS 0x20
#define G_FORCE 0
#define G_AND 1
#define G_OR 2
#define G_XOR 3
#define G_NOTFORCE 4
#define G_NOTAND 5
#define G_NOTOR 6
#define G_NOTXOR 7
#define G_OUTLINE 0
#define G_SOLIDFILL 1
#define G_PATTERNFILL 2
#define MINCOLOR 0
#define MAXCOLOR 1
/*[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
[ Structures. [
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[*/
typedef struct g_info {
unsigned char vidmode;
unsigned char defmode;
unsigned int xpixels;
unsigned int ypixels;
int xloc;
int yloc;
unsigned int linetype;
int rrule;
unsigned int color;
int xclipmin;
int yclipmin;
int xclipmax;
int yclipmax;
int xlorg;
int ylorg;
unsigned char fillmask[8];
} G_INFO;
/*[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
[ Graphics library function definitions. All x,y locations are rel- [
[ ative to the current logical origin unless specified otherwise. [
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[*/
void far cdecl G_Mode(int);
G_INFO far * cdecl G_GetInfo(G_INFO far *);
void far cdecl G_ColorSel(int);
void far cdecl G_RepRule(unsigned int);
void far cdecl G_LineType(unsigned int);
void far cdecl G_FillMask(unsigned char far *);
void far cdecl G_LorgA(int, int);
void far cdecl G_ClipL(int, int, int, int);
void far cdecl G_Move(int, int);
void far cdecl G_Point(int, int);
int far cdecl G_PointRead(int, int);
void far cdecl G_Draw(int, int);
void far cdecl G_Rect(int, int, int);
void far cdecl G_ImageGet(int, int, int, int, char far *);
void far cdecl G_ImagePut(int, int, char far *, int);
void far cdecl G_Text(int, int, char far *, int);
/*\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*/
/**** G_MODE(mode): mode = {G_TEXT | G_GRAPHICS}
changes the display mode to text or graphics */
/**** G_GETINFO(GraphInfoPtr): GraphInfoPtr is a far pointer to a buffer of
the programmers choosing where the graphics information will be copied.
See the typedef for the G_INFO structure in this file for the contents
of the buffer. */
/*\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*/
/**** G_COLORSEL(color): color = 0 or 1
sets the current pen to "color" */
/**** G_REPRULE(reprule): reprule = {G_FORCE | G_AND | G_OR | G_XOR}
sets the current replacement rule for all other drawing (except for
G_ImagePut, which specifies its own replacement rule). */
/**** G_LINETYPE(linetype): linetype = a 16-bit image that is repeated while
drawing lines and G_OUTLINE'd rectangles. Bits that are 1 cause the
current pen color to be plotted using the current replacement rule.
Bits that are 0 are not plotted and leave the display un-modified. */
/**** G_FILLMASK(buffer): buffer is a far pointer to an 8-byte array which
specifies the fillmask to use when doing drawings of rectangles
with a fillflag of G_PATTERNFILL. Every bit that is a 1 will
cause a point of the current color to be plotted. Every bit that is
a 0 will cause that "point" of the display to be undisturbed. */
/*\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*/
/**** G_LORGA(x,y): x,y = -32768 to +32767
sets the logical origin (0,0) to be located at the absolute screen
coordinate specified by x,y. */
/**** G_CLIPL(x1, y1, x2, y2): x1,y1,x2,y2 = -32768 to +32767
sets the current clip boundary to the rectangle whose diagonally
opposite corners are specified by the absolute screen coordinates
equal to the x1,y1 and x2,y2 offsets from the current logical origin.*/
/*\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*/
/**** G_MOVE(x, y): x,y = -32768 to +32767
causes the logical pen to be moved to "x,y" */
/**** G_POINT(x,y): x,y = -32768 to +32767
plots a point of the current pen color with the current replacement
rule at "x,y" unless "x,y" is outside the current clip limits */
/**** G_POINTREAD(x,y): x,y = -32768 to +32767
reads the color of the point located at x,y and returns that as the
value of the function. */
/**** G_DRAW(x,y): x,y = -32768 to +32767
draws a line of the current pen color with the current replacement rule
and the current linetype from the current pen location to "x,y";
only those points lying within the clip limits are actually plotted. */
/**** G_RECT(x,y,fillflag): x,y = -32768 to +32767
fillflag = {G_OUTLINE | G_SOLIDFILL | G_PATTERNFILL}
draws a rectangle with diagonally opposite corners at the current pen
location and at "x,y", using the current pen color and replacement
rule. The "type" of rectangle drawn is determined by fillflag.
if fillflag==G_OUTLINE, the outline of a rectangle is drawn, using the
current linetype.
if fillflag==G_SOLIDFILL, a solid, filled rectangle of the current
color is drawn.
if fillflag==G_PATTERNFILL, a pattern filled rectangle of the current
color is drawn, using the current fill mask. */
/*\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*/
/**** G_IMAGEGET(x1, y1, x2, y2, buffer): x1,y1,x2,y2 = -32768 to +32767
If both points x1,y1 and x2,y2 are within the current clip boundary,
the display image bounded by the rectangle whose diagonally opposite
corners are x1,y1 and x2,y2 is read into the bytes pointed to by
"buffer". */
NOTE: for G_ImageGet(), the required size of 'buffer' is (on Jaguar):
8 + ((x2-x1+8)/8) * (y2-y1+1) bytes */
/**** G_IMAGEPUT(x, y, buffer, reprule): x,y = -32768 to +32767
reprule = {G_FORCE | G_AND | G_OR | G_XOR | G_NOTFORCE | G_NOTAND |
G_NOTOR | G_NOTXOR}
if x,y and the un-specified bottom-right corner of the image are
within the clip boundary, the image from "buffer" is drawn on the
display using reprule as the replacement rule. (For the "NOT" replace-
ment rules, the image is color-inverted first, then placed on the
display using the "rest" of the replacement rule.) */
/*\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*/
/**** G_TEXT(x,y,buffer,rotflag): x,y = -32768 to +32767, rotflag = 0 or 1
draws the string pointed to by "buffer" on the display at the specified
location x,y using the current font. If rotflag = 0, it's drawn
horizontally, else it's rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise. */
/*\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*/
